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Kumar, Narendra

Metal Distribution in the Sediments, Water and Naturally Occurring Macrophytes in the River Gomti, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract Views :266 | PDF Views:72

Authors

Neha ¹, Dhananjay Kumar ¹, Preeti Shukla ¹, Sanjeev Kumar ¹, Kuldeep Bauddh ², Jaya Tiwari ¹, Neetu Dwivedi ¹, S. C. Barman ³, D. P. Singh ¹, Narendra Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226 025, IN
2 Centre for Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835 205, IN
3 Environmental Monitoring Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 113, No 08 (2017), Pagination: 1578-1585

Abstract

River Gomti receives treated/untreated industrial as well as municipal wastes from various drains of Lucknow city, India. In order to study heavy metal pollution (Cd, As, Pb and Cu) in the river, water and sediment samples were collected from 10 sampling stations along a 9 km stretch in the city of Lucknow. Results revealed that the concentrations of heavy metals in water samples were in the range: As: 0.035-0.061, Cd: 0.016-0.068, Cu: 0.029-0.062 and Pb: 0.031-0.065 mg l^-1 whereas in sediments metal concentrations were found to be As: 3.72-14.98, Cd: 1.91-8.39, Cu: 8.97-95.35 and 35.82-90.92 μg g^-1. Bioaccumulation of these metals was assessed in four aquatic macrophytes, viz. Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, Polygonum coccineum and Marsilea quadrifolia. Pistia stratiotes and Polygonum coccineum accumulated maximum amount of Pb followed by Cu, Cd and As, whereas in the case of Eichhornia crassipes and Marsilea quadrifolia the relative metal accumulation pattern was found as Cu > Cd > Pb > As and Cu > Pb > Cd > As respectively. The present study suggests that though the concentrations of toxic metals were lower in water, chronic exposure could result in bioaccumulation to a degree many-fold higher than in growing medium. It was also concluded that the water and sediment of the river should be regularly monitored for heavy metal contamination and care should be taken while using river water in agriculture/ aquaculture.

Keywords

Bioaccumulation, Gomti River, Heavy Metals, Macrophytes, Sediments.

Full Text

References

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Kumar, N., Buaddh, K., Drivedi, N., Barman, S. C. and Singh, D. P., Accumulation of metals in selected macrophytes grown in mixture of drain water and tannery and their phytoremediation potential. J. Environ. Biol., 2012, 33, 923–927.

Singh, K. P., Malik, A., Sinha, S., Singh, V. K. and Murthy, R. C., Estimation of source of heavy metals contamination in sediments of Gomti River (India) using principal component analysis. Water, Air Soil Pollut., 2005, 166, 321–341.

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Singh, V. K., Singh, K. P. and Mohan, D., Status of heavy metals in water and bed sediments of river Gomti – a tributary of the Ganga river, India. Env. Monit. Asses., 2005, 105, 43–67.

Xiao, H. Y., Zhou, W. B., Wu, D. S. and Zeng, F. P., Heavy metal contamination in sediments and floodplain top soils of the Lean river catchment, China. Soil Sediment Contam., 2011, 20, 810–823.

Djordjevic, L., Zivkovic, N., Zivkovic, L. and Djordjevic, A., Assessment of heavy metals pollution in sediments of the Korbevačka river in southeastern Serbia. Soil Sediment Contam., 2012, 21, 889–900.

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Hussan, S., Schmieder, K. and Bocker, R., Spatial pattern of submerged macrophytes and heavy metals in the hypertrophic, contaminated, shallow reservoir lake qattieneh/Syaria. Limono, 2010, 40, 54–60.

Sinha, S., Saxena, R. and Singh, S., Comparative studies on accumulation of Cr from metal solution and tannery effluent under repeated metal exposure by aquatic plant: its toxic effects. Environ. Monit. Assess., 2002, 80, 17–31.

Mishra, S. S. and Mishra, A., Assessment of physico-chemical properties and heavy metals concentration in Gomti river. Res. Environ. Life Sci., 2008, 1(2), 55–58.

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Singh, K. P., Mohan, D., Singh, V. K. and Malik, A., Studies on distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in Gomti river sediment – a tributary of the Ganga, India. J. Hydrol., 2005, 312, 14–27.

Gupta, S. K., Chabukdharab, M., Kumara, P., Singh, J. and Bux, F., Evaluation of ecological risk of metal contamination in river Gomti, India: a biomonitoring approach. EcotoxicoEnv Saf., 2014, 110, 49–55.

Kumar, D., Verma, A., Dhusia, N. and More, N. K., Water quality assessment of River Gomti in Lucknow. Univ. J. Environ. Res. Technol., 2013, 3, 337–344.

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Bauddh, K. and Singh, R. P., Cadmium tolerance and its phytoremediation by two oil yielding plants Ricinus communis (L.) and Brassica juncea (L.) from the contaminated soil. Int. J. Phytoremed., 2012, 14, 772–785.

Kisku, G. C., Barman, S. C. and Singh, S. C., Contamination of soil and plants with potentially toxic elements irrigated with mixed industrial effluent and its impact on the environment. Water, Air Soil Pollut., 2000, 120, 121–137.

Barman, S. C., Sahu, R. K., Bhargava, S. K. and Chaterjee, C., Distribution of heavy metals in wheat, mustard, and weed grown in field irrigated with industrial effluents. Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 2000, 64, 489–496.

Kumar, N., Bauddha, K., Kumar, S., Dwivedi, N., Singh, D. C. and Barman, S. C., Accumulation of metals in weed species grown on the soil contaminated with industrial waste and their phytoremediation potential. Ecol. Eng., 2013, 61, 491–495.

Fawzy, M. A., Badr, N. E., El-Khatib, A. and El-Kaseem, A. A., Heavy metal biomonitoring and phytoremediation potentialities of aquatic macrophytes in River Nile. Environ. Monit. Assess., 2012, 184, 1753–1771.

Adelaid, M. R. V., Veado, A. H., Oliveria, G., Revel, G., Pinte, S. and Aytsult, P., Study of water and sediment interaction in the das Velhas River, Brazil-Major and Trace element. Water SA, 2000, 25(2), 255–274.

BIS, 2012. Drinking Water Standard (IS 105000-91).

Sungur, A., Soylak, M., Yilmaz, E., Yilmaz, S. and Ozcan, H., Characterization of heavy metal fractions in agricultural soils by sequential extraction procedure: the relationship between soil properties and heavy metal fractions. Soil Sediment Contam., 2015, 24, 1–15.

Sahu, R. K., Katiyar, S., Yadav, A. K., Kumar, N. and Srivastava, J., Toxicity assessment of industrial effluent by bioassay. Clean, 2008, 5–6, 517–520.

Galal, T. M. and Shehata, H. S., Evaluation of the invasive macrophyte Myriophyllumspicatum L. as a bioaccumulator for heavy metals in some water courses of Egypt. Ecol. Indicator, 2014, 41, 209–214.

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An Integrated Linearization Technique for GaAs Bipolar WCDMA Power Amplifier

Abstract Views :273 | PDF Views:84

Authors

Jagadheswaran Rajendran ¹, Sofiyah Sal Hamid ¹, Shukri Korakkottil Kunhi Mohd ¹, Mohd Zaid Abdullah ¹, Harikrishnan Ramiah ², Narendra Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, MY
2 Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MY

Source

Current Science, Vol 114, No 02 (2018), Pagination: 308-313

Abstract

Here we report a novel linearization and efficiency improvement technique for heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT)-based Wireless Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) power amplifier. A process solution is proposed where a tantalum nitride (TaN) layer is strapped to the HBT base metal layer that resolves the current hogging issue. This is known as the strap ballasting technique. The resistance introduced by TaN improves the linear output power without trading-off its power added efficiency. At supply voltage of 4 V, the strap ballasting methodology improves the adjacent channel leakage ratio by 4.5 dB compared to the conventional base ballasting technique at output power of 28 dBm. The corresponding improvement in power added efficiency is 4%. The maximum output power delivered by power amplifier is 36 dBm. The proposed technique can be employed in the WCDMA power amplifier to minimize the fundamental trade-off issue between linear output power and efficiency.

Keywords

Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor, Linearization, Power Amplifier, Strap Ballasting Technique.

Full Text

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Low Phytic Acid Peanut:A Potential Tool to Overcome Mineral Malnutrition in Humans

Abstract Views :458 | PDF Views:74

Authors

B. C. Ajay ¹, D. Kambiranda ², S. K. Bera ¹, Narendra Kumar ¹, K. Gangadhar ¹, R. Abdul Fiyaz ³, K. T. Ramya ⁴

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Post Box 5, Ivnagar Road, Junagadh 362 001, IN
2 Centre for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, Florida A&M University, 6505 Mahan Drive Tallahassee, Florida 32317, US
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, IN
4 ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 114, No 06 (2018), Pagination: 1165-1166

Abstract

Malnutrition affects over one billion people worldwide and thus one out of six humans is malnourished. Though the green revolution solved the problem of malnutrition to the great extent, people living in developing and under-developed countries still face micronutrient malnutrition, which is a result of imbalanced diet and intake of insufficient micronutrients. Iron and zinc deficiencies together contributing to loss to GDP is at least US$ 5 billion in China and India alone.

Full Text

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Soil Organic Carbon Pools under Terminalia chebula Retz. based Agroforestry Systemin Himalayan Foothills, Indiax

Abstract Views :246 | PDF Views:86

Authors

Amit Kumar ¹, G. K. Dwivedi ¹, Salil Tewari ¹, Jaipaul ¹, V. K. Sah ¹, Hukum Singh ², Parmanand Kumar ², Narendra Kumar ², Rajesh Kaushal ³

Affiliations
1 Agroforestry Section, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar 243 145, IN
2 Forest Ecology and Climate Change Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun 248 006, IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 001, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 118, No 7 (2020), Pagination: 1098-1103

Abstract

Knowledge of carbon (C) pools in soils is helpful in devising practices for efficient carbon management in intensive cropping systems. Carbon fractions of soil organic carbon are used asan indicator for land-use induced change in soil quality. The present study evaluated carbon pools under Terminalia chebula(chebulic myrobalan) based agroforestry system supplied with different nutrient sources, viz. farmyard manure, poultry manure, vermicompost, wheat straw and inorganic fertilizer (NPK @ 100:80:60). Carbon fractions, viz. very labile (C₁ frac), labile (C₂ frac), less labile (C₃ frac) and non-labile (C₄ frac), were analysed at 0–15 and 15–30 cm soil depth. The higher value of C₁ frac (13.8%), C₂ frac (4.8%), C₃ frac (8.3%) and C₄ frac(11.1%) were recorded under agroforestry as compared to open system. Among the nutrient sources, all the carbon fractions were higher under 100% integrated nutrient sources as compared to controlled treatment. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was recorded higher (298.31 μg g^–1 ) under agroforestry system compared to the open system (290.63 μg g^–1 ) at 0–15 cm. Among the different nutrient sources, higher MBC (458.66 μg g^–1 ) at 0–15 cm and lower (340.59 μg g^–1 ) at 15–30 cm soil depth was recorded in 100% integrated treatment.Thus, agroforestry-based land-use types and integrated nutrient management are more efficient for soil health and carbon management in Himalayan foothills.

Keywords

Active Pool, Carbon Fractions, Labile, Nonlabile, Nutrient Sources, Passive Pool.

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Biomass Accumulation and Carbon Stock in Different Agroforestry Systems Prevalent in the Himalayan Foothills, India

Abstract Views :237 | PDF Views:80

Authors

Amit Kumar ¹, Salil Tewari ², Hukum Singh ¹, Parmanand Kumar ¹, Narendra Kumar ¹, Sarita Bisht ¹, Suruchi Devi ¹, Nidhi ¹, Rajesh Kaushal ³

Affiliations
1 Forest Research Institute, Dehradun 248 006, IN
2 G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 001, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 6 (2021), Pagination: 1083-1088

Abstract

Agroforestry has great potential for carbon (C) sequestration among different land uses of the Himalayan region, India. However, our knowledge of C sequestration in particular, agroforestry system around the world is poor. Therefore, we conducted a study to understand biomass accumulation and carbon allocation in different components of the agroforestry system. The highest stem biomass was recorded in Eucalyptus tereticornis (69.43 ± 0.90 Mg ha^–1), branch biomass in Populus deltoids (5.04 ± 0.35 Mg ha^–1), leaf biomass also in P. deltoids (2.21 ± 0.12 Mg ha^–1), and ischolar_main biomass in Albizia procera (14.01 ± 0.44 Mg ha^–1). The highest (81.01%) C allocation was recorded in the stem of Toona ciliate, branch of P. deltoids (5.73%), leaves of E. tereticornis (2.93%) and ischolar_main of Anthocephalus cadamba (16.83%). The highest CO₂< mitigation (160.5 ± 2.55 Mg CO₂ ha^–1) and C sequestration (45.33 ± 0.60 Mg ha^–1) were recorded in E. tereticornis. The highest wheat crop biomass (11.85 ± 0.23 Mg ha^–1) and C stock (3.59 ± 0.05 Mg ha^–1) were recorded in P. deltiodes. However, soil carbon stock was recorded in E. tereticornis (37.5 ± 3.52 Mg ha^–1). Thus, trees on farmlands with crops are suitable for biomass production and C allocation in different components under changing climatic scenarios.

Keywords

Agroforestry System, Biomass, Carbon Stock, Carbon Dioxide Mitigation, Climate Change.

Full Text

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Relationship of Physiological Plant Functional Traits With Soil Carbon Stock in The Temperate Forest of Garhwal Himalaya

Abstract Views :182 | PDF Views:74

Authors

Amit Kumar ¹, Parmanand Kumar ¹, Hukum Singh ¹, Sarita Bisht ¹, Narendra Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Forest Ecology and Climate Change Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun 248 006, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 8 (2021), Pagination: 1368-1373

Abstract

The composition of species can play an essential role in reducing the atmospheric carbon dioxide. Forest trees are an important part of the functioning of the terrestrial ecosystem, predominantly in the cycling of carbon. However, tree physiology is much less studied than crop physiology for several reasons: a large number of species, difficulty in measuring photosynthesis of tall trees or forest species. This study aims to establish the relationship between physiological plant functional traits (photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content) with soil carbon stock in Pinus roxburghii forest of Garhwal Himalaya. The present findings revealed that photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid content positively correlated to the soil carbon stock. The different regression models also showed that photosynthesis rate with water-use efficiency, stomatal conductance and carotenoid content is a good predictor of soil carbon stock in Pinus roxburghii forest. Physiological plant functional characteristics are thus crucial for regulating the carbon cycle and ecosystem functioning in Garhwal Himalaya.

Keywords

Carbon Assimilation, Ecosystem Services, Soil Carbon, Water-Use Efficiency.

Full Text

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